ФРАГМЕНТЫ ШИТОГО ИКОНОСТАСА 1430-Х ГОДОВ – ПРОБЛЕМЫ РЕКОНСТРУКЦИИ, ИКОНОГРАФИИ, СТИЛЯ
Аннотация
Шитый иконостас, дошедший до нас в целом ряде разрозненных фрагментов с фигурами святых (ГИМ, ГРМ, ГЭ, ГММК), — один из самых значительных памятников московского искусства 1430-х гг. Помимо высочайшего художественного уровня исполнения шитья, образцы которого известны по единичным примерам этого времени, это еще и уникальный по замыслу комплекс, проливающий свет на ранний период формирования высокого русского иконостаса. Несмотря на особое место, которое занимает этот памятник в ряду работ послерублевской эпохи, за редким исключением, он не привлекал внимания исследователей. Композиционные особенности и состав сохранившихся фигур святых позволяют предполагать, что изначально это был шитый «походный» иконостас, общий замысел которого реконструируется автором. Он имел как минимум три горизонтальных регистра с деисусным и пророческим рядами, а также еще один, видимо, нижний ярус преподобных, уподобленный иконографической программе восточных граней столпов и расписных каменных алтарных преград московских княжеских соборов. Судя по стилю памятника и составу святых, он был исполнен в одной из центральных, скорее всего, московских княжеских мастерских, и, видимо, предназначался для дворцового использования, как домашний камерный моленный образ, а также в паломнических поездках и путешествиях. Выделение фигур святых Сергия и Никона Радонежских, являющиеся древнейшими их изображениями, наряду с ранними покровам, свидетельствует о близости заказчика Троице-Сергиевому монастырю.
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