«ХРОНОГРАФИЧЕСКАЯ» ЧАСТЬ «СЛОВА НА ЗАЧАТИЕ СВ. ИОАННА ПРЕДТЕЧИ» ЛИЦЕВОГО СБОРНИКА ЧУДОВА МОНАСТЫРЯ В КОНТЕКСТЕ ИСТОРИЧЕСКИХ ОБСТОЯТЕЛЬСТВ ЭПОХИ ИВАНА ГРОЗНОГО
Аннотация
Статья посвящена изучению иконографической программы миниатюр третьей части лицевого «Слова на Зачатие св. Иоанна Предтечи» в составе сборника Чудова монастыря третьей четверти XVI в. (РГБ. Ф. 98. Собр. Е. Е. Егорова. № 1844). В основу ее текста лег фрагмент о последних днях жизни святого из известного «Русского хронографа» 1512 г. Хотя данный текст вошел в те же годы в Лицевой летописный свод, его включение в житийный текст о святом Иоанне Предтече не вполне обычно. Его характерная особенность состоит в том, что в нем святой выступает в роли обличителя не одного, а трех злочестивых царей — Архелая, Ирода Филиппа и Ирода Антипы. Актуальность данного текста и его включение в «Слово на Зачатие», вероятнее всего, обусловил конфликт между царством и священством, обострившийся в эпоху опричнины и последующие за ней годы. Анализ состава и иконографии миниатюр в контексте исторических обстоятельств эпохи позволяет отнести создание третьей части «Слова» к несколько более позднему периоду — к 1572–1575 гг., и предположить, что участие в ее программе всероссийского митрополита Афанасия было гораздо более полным, нежели считалось ранее.
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